How does a battery work?
A battery stores energy in chemical form that can be released on demand
as electricity. This electrical power is used by the cars ignition system for
cranking the engine. The car's battery also may power the lights and other
accessories. Should the alternator belt fail, the battery might also need to
power the vehicle's entire electrical system for a short period of time.
What should I consider when buying a battery?
SIZE: What are the dimensions of your original battery?
POWER: What are the Cold Cranking Amps required to power your vehicle?
WARRANTY: Automotive batteries are backed by a warranty package.
Chose what is right for your vehicle's needs.Dell Latitude D600 Adapter
When I am replacing my battery or cleaning the terminals, why is
it important to remove the ground wire first?
Before you start, always check the type of grounding system the vehicle has.
If you remove the positive connector first in a negative ground system,
you risk the chance of creating a spark. That could happen if the metal tool
you're using to remove the positive terminal connector comes in contact
with any piece of metal on the car. If you are working near the battery
when this occurs, it might create an ignition source that could cause
the battery to explode. It's extremely important to remove the ground
source first.Dell Inspiron 1501 Adapter
How can I tell if a battery is fresh?
You can usually find a small decal on the side of the battery container
giving you the month and year the battery was shipped out of the plant.
The letter corresponds with the month, starting with "A" for January, "B"
for February, and so on. The number represents the year with "9" standing
for 1999, "0" for 2000, and so on. A9, would be January, 1999. C0 would
be March, 2000.( The letter "I" is skipped so the letter "M" would
be December.) dell LA65NS0-00 Adapter
What does CCA mean?
Cold Cranking Amps is a rating used in the battery industry to define a
battery's ability to start an engine in cold temperatures. The rating is the
number of amps a new, fully charged battery can deliver at 0° Farenheit
for 30 seconds, while maintaining a voltage of at least 7.2 volts, for a 12
volt battery. The higher the CCA rating, the greater the starting power
of the battery.Hp Pavilion dv6000 Adapter
What are MCA or CA rates?
This is a rating used to describe the discharge load in amperes which a
new, fully charged battery at 32 degrees F (0C), can continuously
deliver for 30 seconds and maintain a terminal voltage equal or greater
than 1.2 volts per cell. It is sometimes referred to as Marine Cranking
Amps or Cranking Amps.
What is reserve capacity?
Reserve Capacity, (RC) is a battery industry rating, defining a battery's
ability to power a vehicle with an inoperative alternator or fan belt.
The rating is the number of minutes a battery at 80 degrees F can be
discharged at 25 amps and maintain a voltage of 10.5 volts for a 12
volt battery. The higher the reserve rating, the longer your vehicle
can operate should your alternator or fan belt fail.
What can excessive heat do to a battery?
Hot temperatures will deteriorate a battery's life quicker by evaporating
the water from the electrolyte, and corroding and weakening the positive grids.
When my car won't start, how do I know for sure if my battery really
needs to be replaced?
Many other problems can keep a car from starting, so you need to
o some troubleshooting. Stores that sell batteries will often do battery
testing free of charge, so that is a good first step. Check out other
troubleshooting tips when you click on "Your car won't Start?
On our home page.Gateway 6020GZ Adapter
How do I safely jumpstart my battery?
Check out "How to Jump Start a Battery" under Battery Basics on this
site. An exercise lets you practice what to do.
A battery is a collection of multiple electrochemical cells, but in popular
usage battery often refers to a single cell.[1] For example, a 1.5 volt AAA
battery is a single 1.5 volt cell, and a 9 volt battery has six 1.5 volt cells
in series. Dell Inspiron 910 Battery The first electrochemical cell was
developed by the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta in 1792, and in
1800 he invented the first battery, a "pile" of many cells in series.[4]
The usage of "battery" to describe electrical devices dates to Benjamin
Franklin, who in 1748 described multiple Leyden jars
DELL Inspiron Mini 9 Battery(early electrical capacitors) by analogy to
a battery of cannons.[5] Thus Franklin's usage to describe multiple
Leyden jars predated Volta's use of multiple galvanic cells.[6] It is speculated,
but not established, that several ancient artifacts consisting of copper sheets
and iron bars, and known as Baghdad batteries may have been galvanic
cells.[7]Dell Inspiron 1300 keyboard Volta's work was stimulated by the
Italian anatomist and physiologist Luigi Galvani, who in 1780 noticed
that dissected frog's legs would twitch when struck by a spark from a
Leyden jar, an external source of electricity.[8] In 1786 he noticed
that twitching would occur during lightning storms.[9] After many
years Galvani Dell H5639 keyboard learned how to produce twitching
without using any external source of electricity. In 1791 he published
a report on "animal electricity."[10] He created an electric circuit
consisting of the frog's leg (FL) and two different metals A and B,
Hp Pavilion DV9000 keyboard each metal touching the frog's leg
and each other, thus producing the circuit A-FL-B-A-FL-B...etc.
In modern terms, the frog's leg served as both the electrolyte and the
sensor, and the metals served as electrodes. Dell D510 keyboard He
noticed that even though the frog was dead, its legs would twitch when
he touched them with the metals.
Calculating the Battery Runtime
If the battery were a perfect power source and behaved linearly, the discharge time could be calculated according to the in-and-out current.
“What has been put in can be taken out in the same form over time” is the argument, and in our example a one-hour charge at 5A should enable a one-hour discharge at 5A, or a 5-hour discharge at 1A. However, intrinsic losses impede the ideal working of a battery, and the relative discharge time becomes shorter when increasing the load. High discharge currents make the battery less efficient.Dell XPS M140 Adapter
The efficiency factor of a discharging battery is expressed in the Peukert Law. W. Peukert, a German scientist (1897), was aware of this loss and devised a formula that expresses the loss at a given discharge rate in numbers. Because of sluggish behavior of lead acid, the Peukert numbers apply mostly to this battery Dell Inspiron 1300 Adapter chemistry and help in calculating the capacity when loaded at various discharge rates.
The Peukert Law takes into account the internal resistance and recovery rate of a battery. A value close to one (1) indicates a well-performing battery with good efficiency and minimal loss; a higher number reflects a less efficient battery. The Peukert Law of a battery is exponentialand the readings for lead acid are between 1.3 and 1.4. Nickel-based batteries have low numbers and lithium-ion is even better. Figure 5 illustrates the available capacity as a function of ampere drawn with different Peukert ratings. Dell PA-12 Adapter
The lead acid battery prefers intermittent loads to a continuous heavy discharge. The rest periods allow the battery to recompose the chemical reaction and prevent exhaustion. This is why lead acid performs well in a starter application with brief 300A dell Inspiron 1520 Adapter dell Inspiron E1705 Adaptercranking loads and plenty of time to recharge in between. All batteries require recovery, and with nickel- and lithium-based system, the electrochemical reaction is much faster than with lead acid.
we realize that the battery is best suited for portable
and stationary systems. For motive applications such as trains, ocean
going ships and aircraft, the battery lacks capacity, endurance and reliability.
The dividing line, in my opinion, lies with the electric vehicle. We now
Responsiveness toshiba PA-1600-02 Adapter
Batteries have a huge advantage over other power sources in being ready to
deliver on short notice — think of the quick action of the camera flash! There
is no warm-up, as is the case with the internal combustion (IC) engine;
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power from the battery flows within a fraction of a second. In
toshiba PA-1700-02 Adapter
comparison, a jet engine takes several seconds to gain power, a fuel cell
requires a few minutes, toshiba PA3201U-1ACA Adapterand the
cold steam engine of a locomotive needs hours to build up steam.
Power bandwidth
Rechargeable batteries have a wide power bandwidth,
hp compaq 394224-001 Adaptera quality that is shared with the diesel
engine. In comparison, the bandwidth of the fuel cell is narrow and
works best within a specific load. Jet engines also have a limited
power bandwidth. They have poor low-end torque and operate
most efficiently at a defined revolution-per-minute (RPM).
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when was the battery invented?
one of the most important discoveries in the last 400 years has been electricity.
you may ask, "has electricity been around that long?" the answer is "yes", and
perhaps
much longer. surprisingly, electricity only became useful to humanity in the late
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the earliest known methods of generating electricity were by creating a static charge.
alessandro volta (1745-1827) invented the so-called "electric pistol" by which an
electrical wire was placed in a jar filled with methane gas. by sending an electrical
spark through the wire, the jar would explode.acer PA-1750-04 Adapter
volta then thought of using this invention to provide long distance communications,
albeit only one boolean bit. an iron wire supported by wooden poles was to be strung
from como to milan in italy. at the receiving end, the wire would terminate in a jar
filled with methane gas. on command, an electrical spark is sent by wire that would
cause a detonation to signal a coded event. this communications link was never built.
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the next stage of generating electricity was through electrolysis. volta discovered in
1800 that a continuous flow of electrical force was possible when using certain
fluids as conductors to promote a chemical reaction between metals. volta
discovered further that the voltage would increase when voltaic cells were stacked.
this led to the invention of the battery.Acer TravelMate 600 AC Adapter
from the availability of a battery, experiments were no longer limited to a brief
display of sparks that lasted a fraction of a second. a seemingly endless stream of
electric current was now available.
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in the early 1800, france was approaching the height of scientific advancements
and new ideas were welcomed with open arms to support the political agenda. by
invitation, volta addressed the institute of france in a series of lectures in which
napoleon bonaparte was present. napoleon himself helped with the experiments,
drawing sparks from the battery, acer LC.ADT01.001 Adapter melting a steel wire,
discharging an electric pistol and decomposing water into its elements.
Battery problems are one of the leading causes of vehicle breakdowns. To reduce the
chances of battery failure, it is helpful to understand its causes. Most problems with
batteries can be avoided by following the regular care and maintenance practices
recommended by the manufacturer in the vehicle owner's manual. dell AC Adapters
Undercharging a battery causes sulfation, which is the chemical breakdown of battery
electrolyte. As the electrolyte breaks down, it adheres to the lead plates within the
battery, forming sulfuric crystals that slowly build up over time. hp AC AdaptersAs
sulfation occurs, the ability of the battery to hold a charge and provide energy is reduced
. Severe sulfation can result in a buildup of material between the lead plates in a battery,
causing internal short circuits between the plates.
A battery that is not used for long periods of time loses electrical charge, eventually
leading to a fully discharged condition and sulfation. Periodic use helps to replace
lost electrical charge and inhibit the start of sulfation that can lead to premature battery
death.
Temperatures over one hundred degrees Fahrenheit increase a battery's rate of internal
discharge. Batteries that do not receive periodic recharge in high heat conditions can lose
most of their electrical charge within twenty four hours. toshiba AC Adapters
Deep cycling is the repeated draining of a majority of a battery's charge. Automotive
batteries are designed to hold a steady state of charge, and repeatedly draining and
recharging an automotive battery drastically reduces its lifespan.Dell laptop keyboard
Electrolyte is the liquid within a battery that helps it to produce and hold an electrical
charge. When electrolyte levels become low due to leaks or evaporation, the lead plates,
or "cells," within the battery become exposed to air, which causes rapid sulfation.
In addition, low electrolyte levels reduce the amount of electrons the hp laptop keyboard
is capable of producing, lowering the overall electrical charge.
Parasitic drain is the presence of a load on the battery when the vehicle is not in operation.
Clocks, radios, lights and alarms are examples of parasitic drain, and all consume a small
amount of the battery's electrical charge when the vehicle is at rest. Unusual parasitic
drains such as leaving headlights on or electrical system malfunctions can drain the
battery in a matter of hours, allowing sulfation to begin if the battery is not recharged
immediately.toshiba laptop keyboard
Faulty voltage regulators or alternators can overcharge a vehicle battery. When this
happens, the excess electrical charge causes the plates within the battery to shed
material, increasing the battery's resistance to a charge. This shedding causes heat
to build within the battery, resulting in the evaporation of electrolyte.